@Article{YanaiGraEscZicMar:2020:EfLaCo,
               author = "Yanai, Aurora Miho and Gra{\c{c}}a, Paulo Maur{\'{\i}}cio Lima 
                         de Alencastro and Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral and Ziccardi, 
                         Leonardo Guimar{\~a}es and Martin, Fearnside. Philip",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)} and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA)}",
                title = "Deforestation dynamics in Brazil's Amazonian settlements: Effects 
                         of land-tenure concentration",
              journal = "Journal of Environmental Management",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "268",
                pages = "e110555",
                month = "Aug.",
             keywords = "Agrarian reform, Settlement project, Colonization, Deforestation 
                         pattern, Amazon forest, Land concentration.",
             abstract = "Brazils Amazon deforestation is a major global and national 
                         environmental concern, and the ability to model and project both 
                         its course and the effect of different policy options depends on 
                         understanding how this process occurs at present and how it might 
                         change in the future. The present paper addresses one key factor 
                         in Amazon deforestation: land-tenure concentration in settlements. 
                         Brazils policies for establishing and regulating settlement 
                         projects represent critical government decisions shaping the 
                         landscape in the 5 \� 106 km2 Legal Amazonia region. We 
                         used remote-sensing data and information provided by the National 
                         Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA) to evaluate 
                         the effect of land-tenure concentration in a settlement project 
                         (Projeto de Assentamento) located in a frontier area where 
                         cattle-ranching is expanding. We identified the actors and their 
                         deforestation patterns in the Matupi settlement in the southern 
                         part of Brazils state of Amazonas. We spatially identified actors 
                         who concentrated lots (the parcels of land distributed to 
                         individual settlers) in 2011 and assessed whether the 
                         concentration was done by individual landholders or by families 
                         (where members merged their lots and the clearing was done 
                         together). Deforestation rates (19952011) were estimated for each 
                         type of actor and the trajectory of deforestation in the 
                         settlement (cumulative deforestation to 1994 and annual 
                         deforestation 19952016) was also analyzed. Concentrators occupied 
                         28% (9653 ha) of the settlement and 29% of the lots (152 lots) 
                         analyzed; the numbers of lots concentrated ranged from two to ten. 
                         Concentrators of two lots and non-concentrators were the 
                         predominant actor types in the settlement. The mean annual 
                         clearing per landholding for concentrators of two lots (families: 
                         4.1 \� 2.8 ha (mean \� SD); individuals: 5.1 
                         \� 4.6 ha) was greater than for non-concentrators (1.7 
                         \� 1.2 ha), despite their having similar patterns of small 
                         clearings. Concentrators of three or more lots had mean annual 
                         clearing per landholding between 6.2 \� 12.2 ha and 23.9 
                         \� 38.7 ha and, the pattern of patches cleared per year 
                         >34 ha in area was predominant. The deforestation rate per lot was 
                         higher among concentrators as compared to non-concentrators, 
                         showing that lot concentration speeds deforestation. Analysis of 
                         deforestation patterns helps to better understand the process of 
                         lot concentration by spatially identifying the predominant 
                         patterns of each type of actor. The approach used in our study 
                         could assist authorities in identifying and monitoring land-tenure 
                         concentration in settlements. Agrarian-reform policymakers need to 
                         monitor this process, since it speeds deforestation in Amazonian 
                         settlement projects, as well as undermining the social objectives 
                         of the agrarian-reform program.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110555",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110555",
                 issn = "0301-4797",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "yanai_deforestation.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}